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Genetic discrimination occurs when people are treated differently, for example by their employer or insurance company, because they have or are perceived to have a gene mutation that causes or increases the risk of an inherited disorder. It may also refer to any and all discrimination based on the genotype of a person rather than their individual merits. Some legal scholars have argued for a more precise and broader definition of genetic discrimination: "Genetic discrimination should be defined as when an individual is subjected to negative treatment, not as a result of the individual’s physical manifestation of disease or disability, but solely because of the individual’s genetic composition." Genetic Discrimination has its foundations in genetic determinism and genetic essentialism. It is based on the concept of genism, that distinctive human characteristics and capacities are determined by genes. ==United States Legal Status== Genetic discrimination is illegal in the U.S. after passage of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of May 21, 2008. The legislation also bars employers from using individuals’ genetic information when making hiring, firing, job placement, or promotion decisions.〔(Statement of Administration policy ), Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, 27 April 2007〕 It was signed into law by President George W. Bush on May 21, 2008.〔("Administration News | President Bush Signs Genetic Nondiscrimination Legislation Into Law," ) Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report, Kaiser Family Foundation, May 22, 2008〕 The law does not cover life insurance nor long-term care insurance, which has already created problems for some patients who have undergone genetic testing. The Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA) does not have a disparate impact theory provision although some legal experts have argued for the addition of such a provision.〔 A Genetics Study Commission is scheduled to be called by Congress to determine whether such a provision is necessary. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「genetic discrimination」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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